The Periodic Labour Force Survey's (PLFS) 2022-23 report was released yesterday. PLFS is a very detailed survey about India's jobs/employment scenario. It was started in 2017-18.
The graphs below show the key indicators of India's jobs/employment scenario since 2017-18. This data is important because it shows us the impact of the Covid crisis (2020-22) on the Indian economy.
1. Worker Population Ratio (WPR): This is the ratio of the number of workers to the total population. It is the most important indicator of the jobs/employment scenario. India's WPR has increased from 35% in 2017-18 to 41% in 2022-23. It had decreased in 2021-22 - due to the Covid second wave.
2. The Three Sectors: Agriculture is the biggest sector with around 46% of the workers. Services sector has around 30% of the workers. Industry sector has around 25% of the workers. Services sector has decreased from 32% in 2018-19 to 29% in 2022-23 - due to the Covid crisis.
3. Formal Vs Informal: The formal sector has decreased from 32% (of non-agricultural workers) in 2017-18 to 26% in 2022-23. The informal sector has increased from 68% in 2017-18 to 74% in 2022-23. Thus the Covid crisis has made the Indian economy more informal.
4. Type Of Employment: There are 3 types of employment:
a) Self employed
b) Regular wage/salary
c) Casual labour
Self employed is the biggest category with around 57% of the workers. Casual labourers are around 22% and regular wage/salary workers are around 21%. Self employed workers have increased from 52% in 2017-18 to 57% in 2022-23 due to the Covid crisis.
Conclusion: The total number of workers (WPR) has increased. But the quality of the jobs (industry/services vs agriculture; formal vs informal; regular wage/salary vs self employed / casual labour) has decreased due to the Covid crisis . . . Note: The PLFS year is from July to June (not April to March).
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